Produces tiny white, starry flowers in short clusters at the tips of stems.
Leaves are oval, shiny, and veined, usually 1–2 per stem.
After flowering, it produces speckled red berries that persist into late summer.
Spreads by rhizomes, forming dense mats that serve as woodland groundcover.
Berries are eaten by birds and small mammals, helping disperse seeds.
Deer-resistant, hardy, and long-lived in natural woodland plantings.
Produces tiny white, starry flowers in short clusters at the tips of stems.
Leaves are oval, shiny, and veined, usually 1–2 per stem.
After flowering, it produces speckled red berries that persist into late summer.
Spreads by rhizomes, forming dense mats that serve as woodland groundcover.
Berries are eaten by birds and small mammals, helping disperse seeds.
Deer-resistant, hardy, and long-lived in natural woodland plantings.
Bloom: late spring to early summer
Habitats: north-facing wooded slopes; sandstone ledges along ravines in wooded areas; sandy meadows; sandy thickets; sandy woodlands; shaded bogs
Lifespan: perennial
Moisture: moist to slightly dry
Plant type (height): forb (3 to 8 inches)
Requirements: dappled sunlight to moderate shade
Soil: acidic soil containing peat, rocky material, or sand
